Pope Leo XIII’s first encyclical is hardly the most interesting document but it does show the circumstances at the time.

Relevant. Easily accessible. Not as fun as his other Socratic dialogues but it’s far from boring or dry.

Pope Pius IX (b. 13 May 1792 – d. 7 February 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, began his pontificate on 16 June 1846. By 1864,...

Pope Pius IX (b. 13 May 1792 – d. 7 February 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, began his pontificate on 16 June 1846. On 8...

This is a 35-page book (or more like a booklet) that defends the weight of the consensus of the Church Fathers and Theologians. The text...

This is a classic question to which finding a basic answer is actually not difficult. But since many confuse issues, this article will...

A Manual of Catholic Theology is a two-volume text in English by Joseph Wilhelm & Thomas B. Scannell. The first edition was published in...

An abridged version of St Thomas Aquinas’s Summa Theologica with helpful annotations by Peter Kreeft. A nice reference to have.

Particular Judgement is a relatively simple teaching but it is perhaps worth a brief overview, including looking at some objections,...

Pope Pius IX (b. 13 May 1792 – d. 7 February 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, began his pontificate on 16 June 1846. On 9...

There are plenty of articles floating around painting Joseph Ratzinger (Benedict XVI) as a traditionalist. He was merely a...

In this encyclical published in 1844, Pope Gregory XVI warns of the dangers of the numerous translations of the Bible.

Claims that the date of Christmas copied a pagan feast, even if true, is a nothing burger.

Pope Gregory XVI’s encyclical in response to Lammenais’s writings on religious indifferentism and liberty of conscience.

Part 3 continues to examine a few scriptural passages regarding the concept of penance.

Part 2 examines a few scriptural passages regarding the concept of penance.

As usual, the concept is not that complicated. It is only made complicated by over-simplifications, deliberately or otherwise.

Pope Gregory XVI’s encyclical on religious indifferentism, liberty of conscience and revolutionary sentiments.

Pope Pius VIII’s encyclical on religious indifferentism, unauthorized translations of Scripture and secret societies.

Pope Leo XII warns of secret societies, their promotion of liberalism, the infiltration into educational institutions and revolution.

Pope Leo XII’s first encyclical warns of modern humanist ideas such as “tolerance” and “religious indifference”.