Pope Pius X (b. 2 June 1835 – d. 20 August 1914), born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, began his pontificate on 4 August 1903. He is known for opposing modernist thought and as a bishop proposed a new catechism for laymen in 1880. The encyclical “Une Fois Encore” was published on 6 January 1907. It is relatively short at approximately 2,800 words in 21 paragraphs and is “On the Separation of Church and State” given the French government’s stance regarding the Church at the time. P

Pope Pius X (b. 2 June 1835 – d. 20 August 1914), born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, began his pontificate on 4 August 1903. He is known for opposing modernist thought and as a bishop proposed a new catechism for laymen in 1880. After his elevation to the papacy, he worked on that and released a catechism. It was, however, only used in the province of Rome and other parts of Italy and not the rest of the world. The encyclical “Vehementer Nos” was published on 11 February 1906. I

Pope Gregory XVI’s encyclical on religious indifferentism, liberty of conscience and revolutionary sentiments.